BY: TEACHER JOHN
The records on Melchizedek, as presented in Hebrews 7, often leads to the assumption that he was Christ due to phrases such as “without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life” (Hebrews 7:3). However, a deeper look reveals that this interpretation stems from private reasoning rather than explicit scriptural evidence.
* Typology and Interpretation:
The Bible employs typology to illustrate spiritual truths. For instance, 1 Corinthians 10:4 identifies a rock as “Christ,” but it was merely a type, not Christ Himself. Similarly, the term “like unto the Son of God” (Hebrews 7:3) indicates similitude (Hebrews 7:15), not identity. This reflects the broader use of typology to point to spiritual realities without equating the type with the shadow.
* Priesthood Context:
Hebrews 7 centers on the concept of priesthood. Unlike the Levitical priesthood, which required genealogical lineage to Aaron, Melchizedek’s priesthood stands out because no genealogical records link him to any lineage. The absence of documentation emphasizes the uniqueness of his priesthood and its contrast with the Levitical system. The cultural practice, as seen in Ezra 2:59-62, excluded individuals without recorded lineage from the priesthood, reinforcing this contrast.
* Historical and Geographical Clarity:
Melchizedek, described as the king of Salem, existed in a known physical location identified as Jerusalem (Joshua 18:28). This tangible association dispels any notion of a mystical or otherworldly existence. Additionally, the presence of other rulers, such as Adonizedek of Jerusalem (Joshua 10:1), highlights the history of human governance in this land. If Melchizedek were a theophany or pre-incarnate Christ, Salem would also bear a mystical nature, which is not supported by the Scripture.
* Human Nature of Melchizedek:
The Bible consistently portrays Melchizedek as a man. For example, Hebrews 7:4 refers to him explicitly as “this man.” Abraham’s interaction with Melchizedek in Genesis 14:18-20 did not involve worship, further distinguishing him from divine manifestations. Moreover, the titles attributed to Melchizedek—King of Righteousness and King of Peace—are drawn from typology and the meanings of his name and location rather than functional or divine claims.
* Genealogical Records and “Without Father or Mother”:
The statement in Hebrews 7:3 about being “without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life” reflects the absence of Melchizedek’s genealogy in priestly records. In Israel, genealogical records were vital for establishing priestly and royal lineages. Examples in Ezra 2:59-62 and 2 Chronicles 31:17-19 illustrate how individuals without documented lineage were excluded from priestly service. Thus, the absence of such records for Melchizedek typologically prefigures Christ’s priesthood, which is eternal and not based on hereditary descent (Psalm 110:4).
* Titles and Typology:
Melchizedek’s titles, King of Righteousness and King of Peace, are derived from the interpretation of his name and the location of Salem. For instance:
- “King of Righteousness” reflects the Hebrew etymology of Melchizedek’s name (Melek = King, Tzedek = Righteousness).
- “King of Peace” aligns with Salem’s meaning (Peace).
These titles, however, do not suggest divine identity. Similarly, names like Adonizedek (Lord of Righteousness) in Joshua 10:1 highlight how human kings bore names that referenced divine attributes without implying their divinity.
* Jesus’ Distinction:
Hebrews 7:15-16 clarifies that Christ is a priest “after the similitude of Melchizedek,” emphasizing distinction rather than equivalence. Christ’s priesthood is based on the power of an endless life, surpassing the typological priesthood of Melchizedek. Furthermore, Hebrews 7:17 references Psalm 110:4, reinforcing the prophetic foundation for Christ’s superior and eternal priesthood.
* Abraham’s Encounter with Melchizedek:
In Genesis 14:18-20, Melchizedek’s interaction with Abraham underscores his role as a priest of the Most High God. Abraham’s act of giving a tenth of the spoils signifies recognition of Melchizedek’s priestly authority but does not elevate him to a divine status as also applicable to the Levites that take tithes. Notably, Abraham’s worship was reserved for God alone, as seen in other instances of divine encounters.
* “Abideth a Priest Continually”:
The phrase “abideth a priest continually” in Hebrews 7:3 arises from the absence of records detailing Melchizedek’s birth, death, or genealogical succession. This lack of documentation typologically suggests an eternal priesthood, pointing to Christ’s true and eternal priesthood. However, this is a derived interpretation within the typological framework rather than a literal statement about Melchizedek’s nature.
Conclusively, Melchizedek’s identity as a human being, not Christ, aligns with biblical context, typology, and historical evidence. His portrayal serves as a shadow of the superior and eternal priesthood of Christ. The narrative emphasizes the transition from the Levitical law to the grace and eternal priesthood of the new covenant in Christ.
Full teaching coming soon. Shalom!
